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Berlin Conference Of 1884 Pdf Download


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Inevitably, the scramble for territory led to conflict among European powers, particularly between the British and French in West Africa; Egypt, the Portuguese, and British in East Africa; and the French and King Leopold II in central Africa. Rivalry between Great Britain and France led Bismarck to intervene, and in late 1884 he called a meeting of European powers in Berlin. In the subsequent meetings, Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, and King Leopold II negotiated their claims to African territory, which were then formalized and mapped. During the conference the leaders also agreed to allow free trade among the colonies and established a framework for negotiating future European claims in Africa. Neither the Berlin Conference itself nor the framework for future negotiations provided any say for the peoples of Africa over the partitioning of their homelands.


The European scramble for Africa culminated in the Berlin West African Conference of 1884-85. The conference was called by German Chancellor Bismarck and would set up the parameters for the eventual partition of Africa. European nations were summoned to discuss issues of free navigation along the Niger and Congo rivers and to settle new claims to African coasts.


Colonialism has deeply affected societies throughout history. In fact, the African continent is one of the most striking examples of colonialisms impact. In the Early Modern Times and the Modern Times, slave, gold and spice trade increased colonialist states interests in Africa. Over time, these interests converted Africa into a place of rivalry for colonialist states. As a result of increased rivalry, colonialist states needed to systematize the struggle for control over the continent. For this purpose, a conference was held between 15 November 1884 and 26 February 1885 in Berlin. The principles accepted during the conference led Western countries to share Africa and also led to Africas virtual invasion. Moreover, "verbal invasion" gave place to "virtual invasion". Thus, the process of Africas colonization was decided upon and officially began at the Berlin Conference.Principally, policies of the countries on the continent were addressed more as colonial activities in Africa were evaluated. In the present study, information will be provided about the aim of Berlin Conference, the decisions made at the conference and the application of those decisions. Furthermore, the attitude of the Ottoman Empire towards the conference will be evaluated in light of archival documents. Moreover, African public opinion on colonialism, their evaluation of the conference, along with information published in newspapers in various parts of Africa such as Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, and Zimbabwe will be investigated. 153554b96e






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